At the Memphis Massacre 1866 Project, Elizabeth L. Jemison writes on the role of black churches in the Memphis riots after the Civil War. According to a Congressional inquiry, the angry mob caused major property damage, destroying every black church in the city. “Churches supported black southerners’ claims for civil and political rights as citizens at a time when those rights were deeply contested,” Jemison writes. “For that support, black churches earned white southerners’ criticism – and violence.”